The Power of the Vagus Nerve in Healing Trauma

Lizzie Delfeld

Tags: Vagus Nerve, Trauma, Healing, Nervous System

Do you ever feel stuck?

Do you ever feel like, no matter how hard you try, you always find yourself in similar problem situations?

Maybe you just can’t help but get angry at the car that cuts you off, or you just can’t stand it when your partner is late (as always). Maybe you can’t open yourself up to people, no matter how hard you’ve tried to change your ways. Or, maybe there are certain situations that always bring forth protective and generally unpleasant reactions within you?

Whatever it may be, there is new research that might explain why. A new theory concerning the vagus nerve, and its effect on our nervous system, might help explain why we are hardwired into certain patterns or habits.

The Vagus Nerve

The vagus nerve is the longest cranial nerve in our body, considered a part of the parasympathetic nervous system (i.e. the part of the nervous system responsible for calming the body down, after the sympathetic nervous system activates it for whatever reason).

This nerve is found in most vertebrates, and is made up of both sensory and motor fibers. It’s primary purpose is to connect various organs to the brain, and notably, it connects the brain to the enteric nervous system, the collection of nerves connected to the intestines and digestive system, also known as the “gut brain.”

It is, in essence, the mind-body connection point, and as of late, there is much energy and conversation around how studying this nerve and its relation to other body systems can help improve and alleviate the symptoms of both mental and physical illness.

Vagal Tone

One element that has garnered much attention is the concept of one’s vagal “tone.” A high vagal tone, one in which the nerve activates more readily when faced with stimuli, results in low inflammation, higher ability to regulate emotions, and a strengthened immune system, among other things.

The post The Power of the Vagus Nerve in Healing Trauma first appeared on Specialized Therapy.

The post The Power of the Vagus Nerve in Healing Trauma appeared first on Specialized Therapy.

Caffeine is a part of a majority of people’s daily routines, especially in the United States. We all know someone (or maybe we are that someone) that cannot be spoken to until they’ve had their coffee! Coffee is commonly referred to as liquid gold or liquid energy, but how does it work? 

Caffeine acts on the nervous system as well as the cardiovascular, renal, and respiratory systems. It blocks the uptake of a substance called adenosine. This substance is what builds up causing us to feel tired. For some people caffeine can increase alertness, stimulate wakefulness, provide a prolonged ability to sustain intellectual activity, and decrease reaction times by blocking the uptake of the adenosine. These are the effects that draw the consumer in, but what if you knew that these effects might only be fleeting and could potentially leave you with some very unfavorable feelings in the future? 

Anxiety is a condition affecting approximately 40 million American adults and 4.4 million children aged 3-17. Adults with anxiety disorders have been shown to react negatively to caffeine due to its role in affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis (HPA axis). This system of the body regulates things like stress hormones and blood pressure, which directly affect how someone is feeling. For someone with an anxiety disorder, this can induce feelings of panic and even a panic attack. Because it blocks the uptake of adenosine and alleviates feelings of being tired, it can cause detrimental issues related to sleep and rest for many people. That crash you might feel after it wears off? That happens due to the rush of the adenosine finally being able to bind to those receptors making you feel very tired very fast. Not everyone experiences this, but many people do. 

Sleep is the body’s way of restoring and repairing. This is the way in which we re-charge and perform necessary metabolic functions, especially those that repair and detoxify.  When it comes to anxiety and related conditions such as depression, sleep hygiene is very important. When sleep is off, hormone production can also be dysregulated including the stress hormone cortisol. Caffeine’s stimulatory effects can disturb sleep hygiene making repair, detoxification, revitalization, and hormone balance difficult for the body to regulate. When these functions and processes are not being performed optimally, this can show up as issues such as brain fog and trouble concentrating, poor detoxification, skin issues, disruptions within the microbiome, hormone dysregulation, weight gain, and more. 

Consuming caffeine should be limited to the beginning of the day and an appropriate amount. The full effects of caffeine are typically felt within 1 hour of consumption and can be felt for up to 6 hours following consumption.  This is why it is very important to be mindful of your caffeine consumption in relation to your desired bedtime if you are having trouble falling or staying asleep. 

General amounts of caffeine in common beverages:

What is an appropriate amount of caffeine for the average person? The average person can consume up to 400mg per day of caffeine without any harmful side effects. Keep in mind that everyone is different and unique in their other environmental factors as well as their genetics. Children, those with heart conditions or heart disease, women who are pregnant or breastfeeding, those with chronic headaches or migraines, people with peptic ulcers or GERD, and those on certain stimulant medications and even some antibiotics should be very careful in regard to consuming caffeine.

Because children are smaller they are especially sensitive to caffeine compared to adults. Studies have shown that children are especially susceptible to the effects of caffeine in regard to immediate effects as well as how they might be affected as they get older. Because most children consume caffeine through the consumption of sugar sweetened beverages such as sodas and teas, they are more likely to be overweight or obese into adolescence and  adulthood hen they consue these beverages on a regular basis. These beverages have empty calories, lack vitamins and minerals, cause inflammation from added sugars, colors, dyes, flavorings, and act as diuretics leading to increased urination and possible dehydration. It’s best for kids and adults alike to stick to water as their main beverage of choice! 

What about genetics? The genetic component to how someone might process caffeine relates to what are called single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These polymorphisms are very common within human DNA. This means that single amino acids are altered in the DNA sequence. These SNPs can be beneficial in some ways, but also harmful depending on the SNP as well as other factors such as diet, lifestyle, stress, etc. The CYP1A2 gene plays a role in the body’s ability to process exogenous substances including aflatoxin B1, acetaminophen, and caffeine. Those who have a SNP in this gene might process caffeine at a much slower rate compared to the general population. This might look like someone feeling the effects of caffeine for far beyond the general 6 hour window after consumption. 

For those who have this SNP and do not know, this might manifest as anxiety, restlessness, trouble concentrating, insomnia, and other behavioral and psychological issues as well as physical ones. If you or someone you know is struggling with anxiety, sleep issues, trouble concentrating, trouble losing weight, or hormone imbalances consider eliminating caffeine from your diet to see how it might help. 

Keep in mind that caffeine withdrawal might happen for those who regularly consume it on a regular basis. This might include headaches, drowsiness, irritability, nausea, and trouble concentrating. This typically improves as time goes on and resolves itself after a few days. 

If you are looking to drive into your mental health or nutrition, call us at 201-488-6678! 

Caffeine and its effects

References

ADAA. (2021, April 21). Facts & Statistics. adaa.org. https://adaa.org/understanding-anxiety/facts-statistics

CDC. (2021, March 22). Anxiety and depression in children: Get the facts. cdc.gov. Anxiety and depression in children: Get the facts

Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Military Nutrition Research. Caffeine for the Sustainment of Mental Task Performance: Formulations for Military Operations. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2001. 2, Pharmacology of Caffeine. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK223808/

Nemours. (2017, February 1). Caffeine. Nemours Kids Health. https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/child-caffeine.html

O’Neill, C. E., Newsom, R. J., Stafford, J., Scott, T., Archuleta, S., Levis, S. C., Spencer, R. L., Campeau, S., & Bachtell, R. K. (2016). Adolescent caffeine consumption increases adulthood anxiety-related behavior and modifies neuroendocrine signaling. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 67, 40–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.01.030

U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2021, July 2). Caffeine: Medline Plus. medlineplus.gov. https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html

The post Kindergarteners Drinking Coffee? Caffeine and Its Effects first appeared on Specialized Therapy.

The post Kindergarteners Drinking Coffee? Caffeine and Its Effects appeared first on Specialized Therapy.

By Taylor Groff Functional Nutritionist

COVID-19 has caused an upheaval of life as we know it, with lasting implications that extend far beyond unwavering case numbers and death tolls. The impact of COVID-19 on physical and psychological well-being has proven to be a lasting one. So much so that the aftermath is now called “long-haul covid”.

Besides the mental anguish from social isolation, unparalleled uncertainty, and multiple layers of grief and loss, those suffering from long-haul covid may experience neurological and psychiatric symptoms even if they have no history of a mental health condition. Those with previous psychiatric diagnoses are at an elevated risk for worsening mental health due to increased inflammation, a physiologic manifestation that directly correlates with depression and anxiety (1).

Risk for Neurological and Psychological Symptoms: Long-haul COVID

The Lancet recently published a study of over 200,000 people diagnosed with COVID-19 and found 33% had long-term neurological or psychiatric diagnoses following infection, with 13% receiving their first such diagnosis. Neurological complications include intracranial hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, Parkinson’s disease, dementia, anxiety, and psychotic disorder, with anxiety disorder topping the charts at an incidence of 19% (2).

The constellation of long haul covid symptoms can range from heart palpitations to shortness of breath, brain fog, dizziness, insomnia, fatigue, fever, gastrointestinal discomfort, anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive tendencies, delirium, loss of appetite, headache, rashes, joint pain, persistent cough, hair loss, and more (3,5,6,8). There are also reports of reduced exercise and increased sedentary behavior due to concerns about overexertion causing relapse. These concerns stem from reports that suggest reduced lung capacity in hospitalized covid patients (8,9). One study found that lung damage from COVID-19 correlated with reduced pulmonary function until four months following infection (10).

However, it’s worth mentioning that long-haul symptoms following a respiratory tract infection are not exclusive to COVID-19. There is evidence for similar long-term symptoms following pneumonia (5). Like COVID-19, pneumonia risk, symptoms, and severity are related to age and pre-existing conditions like asthma, diabetes, obesity, and heart disease. Those with type 2 diabetes have a 25-75% higher risk of being hospitalized with pneumonia due to the harmful effects of hyperglycemia on the immune system and inflammation (11). Therefore, the combination of metabolic dysfunction increased risk for infection and inflammation is not exclusive or novel to COVID-19. However, neurological and psychological symptoms appear to be more common in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 than influenza or other respiratory tract infections (2).

How Long Will Long-haul COVID Last?

The truth is, we don’t know yet. The unpredictable nature and interindividual variability of long-haul covid symptoms come with many apprehensions. A new study based in the U.K. found that 1 in 20 people with COVID-19 is likely to suffer from ongoing symptoms that last eight weeks or more, and 1 in 50 people suffer from symptoms lasting 12 weeks or more (3). A study in the U.S. found that 35% of people have not returned to their baseline level of health 14-21 days after having a positive covid test (4). Moreover, females have higher reported anxiety and depression symptoms than men despite having lower inflammatory markers (1).

Additionally, there are reports of a 58% to 224% increase in the likelihood of diagnosis with a psychiatric illness two weeks to three months after a positive COVID-19 test with a drop to 5.8% three months post-diagnosis (12). The most common diagnosis was anxiety disorders at 13%, followed by mood disorders at 10%. Insomnia and dementia in adults 65 or older also came at a significantly higher risk.

Moreover, the likelihood of psychiatric illness diagnoses between two weeks and three months post-COVID-19 diagnosis was 18% for less severe cases and 40% for those requiring in-patient ICU treatment (12).

The Asymptomatic COVID-19 Long-haul

There’s a growing concern for people experiencing long-haul covid who aren’t aware of it because they’ve never had a positive covid test (5).  People who tested positive for COVID-19 with less severe sickness exhibit long haul symptoms after the 2-week quarantine period.  The unclear distinction proposes a new set of challenges for doctors to rightfully identify long-haul covid that manifest as physical and psychological symptoms, or if these symptoms are independent of covid that arose from living through such a chaotic time.

We’re here to help

In any case, psychotherapy, proper nutrition, adequate quality sleep, targeted nutrients, relaxation strategies, connection and support, and other interventions are available for those suffering from anxiety, depression, and trauma stemming from COVID-19. As with mental and physical health conditions in general, community, self-care, and healthy lifestyle habits in addition to proper medical treatment can make all the difference in developing resiliency and even post-traumatic growth. To learn more about how Specialized Therapy Associates and Fx Med Centers can support you, call 201-488-6678.

References:

1. Mario Gennaro Mazza, Rebecca De Lorenzo, Caterina Conte, Sara Poletti, Benedetta Vai, Irene Bollettini, Elisa Maria Teresa Melloni, Roberto Furlan, Fabio Ciceri, Patrizia Rovere-Querini, Francesco Benedetti. Anxiety and depression in COVID-19 survivors: Role of inflammatory and clinical predictors. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. Volume 89 (2020): 594-600,
2. Taquet, M., Geddes, J., Husain, M., Luciano, S., Harrison, P. 2021. 6-month neurological and psychiatric outcomes in 236,379 survivors of COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study using electronic health records. The Lancet. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00084-5
3. Sudre, C.H., Murray, B., Varsavsky, T. et al.Attributes and predictors of long COVID. Nat Med (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01292-y
4. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6930e1.htm
5. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2771111
6. GreenhalghT, Knight M, A’Court C, Buxton M, Husain L. Management of post-acute COVID-19 in primary care BMJ 2020; 370 :m3026 doi:10.1136/bmj.m3026
7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.037.
8. gov/citizen-scientists-take-challenge-long-haul-COVID-19
9. Bellan M, Soddu D, Balbo PE, et al. Respiratory and Psychophysical Sequelae Among Patients With COVID-19 Four Months After Hospital Discharge. JAMA Netw Open.2021;4(1):e2036142. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.36142
10. https://www.cdc.gov/dotw/pneumonia/index.html#:~:text=Certain%20people%20are%20more%20likely,and%20people%20who%20smoke%20cigarettes.
11. B. Kornum, M. Nørgaard, C. Dethlefsen, K.M. Due, R.W. Thomsen, A. Tjønneland, H.T. Sørensen, K. Overvad. European Respiratory Journal 2010 36: 1330-1336; DOI:10.1183/09031936.00184209.
12. Taquet, M., Luciano, S., Geddes, J.R., Harrison, P. (2020). Bidirectional associations between COVID-19 and psychiatric disorder: retrospective cohort studies of 62,354 COVID-19 cases in the USA. The Lancet Psychiatry. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30462-4.

The post Post-COVID-19 Syndrome Effects on Mental Health first appeared on Specialized Therapy.

The post Post-COVID-19 Syndrome Effects on Mental Health appeared first on Specialized Therapy.

Olive oil is a staple of the heart-healthy Mediterranean diet and for good reason!

Enjoyed liberally in Mediterranean cuisine and around the world, olive oil is frequently used on cold salads, to cook with, and for dipping fresh bread. Not only does it satisfy the senses with its peppery taste and fruity aroma, but it also offers an impressive nutrient profile. Olive oil is composed of antioxidants and polyphenols that help lower inflammation as well as monounsaturated fats which help increase and enhance the function of “good” HDL cholesterol in the body (1).

All in all, olive oil consumption has a net protective effect on our health and its consumption is strongly associated with improved cholesterol levels and reduced risk for cardiovascular disease (1, 2).

So, what’s the problem? Why is your olive oil doing more harm than good!

What if I told you that the true health benefits of olive oil were virtually nonexistent in our commercial food supply? That would be a bit shocking, right? Especially given its historical classification as a heart-healthy fat. Sadly, we’ve been misguided- and it’s not at the fault of the consumer. Olive oil is one of the most adulterated food products in the world (3,4,5). Meaning, it’s fraud.

Before we continue, let’s get one thing straight. We need to define the difference between virgin olive oil and refined olive oil. The virgin type, or “natural olive oil”, mechanically extracts oil from olives without altering its sensory profile (fruity taste and smell, green pigment) and fat composition. Extra virgin olive oil falls under this category and must meet a set of quality standards for fat and sensory profiles. Refined olive oil, or “pure olive oil”, goes through a refining process that uses heat and chemical extraction which alters its sensory profile and fat composition (5).

Extra virgin olive oil is the only type of olive oil that must pass a certain set of quality standards set by the International Olive Oil Council (IOC); whereas the term “olive oil” is unregulated by the FDA and can be used to label any type of oil (5). Currently, there are no laws in place that screen for imported olive oil authenticity, and the FDA doesn’t mandate quality testing and approval by the IOC. Due to the economic costs of growing and producing olive oil and the unpredictability of harvest yields (inclement weather and pest contamination), olive oil producers have gone to great lengths to turn a profit.

Lack of international regulation has given exporters the chance to dilute their olive oil with cheaper vegetable seed or nut-based oils like canola, rapeseed, sunflower, soybean, and hazelnut oil (5,6). Failure to recognize and establish formal regulations and testing of imported olive oil has resulted in an estimated 69% adulteration rate in the United States’ supply (5).

Furthermore, IOC test methods aren’t 100% accurate at detecting fraudulent oil so producers can get away with labeling their faulty products as “olive oil” and “extra virgin olive oil”. Manufacturers are mislabeling their vegetable oil blends as olive oil to exploit its health benefits without any lawful repercussions. They are banking on the fact that consumers will purchase a bottle solely based on the olive oil label and are unaware of the adulteration process (5).

This is a slippery slope, with numerous reported incidents of death from adulterated oil over the past 30 years. In Spain, 600 people died due to the mislabeling of olive oil as a result of consuming contaminated canola oil intended for industrial use labeled and sold as “olive oil”, the worst outcome of oil adulteration history (5).

To add insult to injury, vegetable seed oils are deleterious to human health when consumed in excess (6). Vegetable seed oils contain high levels of omega-6 fats which can promote a pro-inflammatory state without proper intake of anti-inflammatory omega-3 fats to counterbalance it (6). So, to the uninformed consumer who is most likely purchasing olive oil in the spirit of making a health-conscious decision, this is an absolutely detrimental and devastating truth.

Don’t be fooled!

Here are clues to look out for when purchasing olive oil that are dead giveaways that it is NOT 100% real.

• Any “light” olive oil blends and transparent containers. Real Olive Oil must be in a dark container.
• Avoid products with consumer buzzwords like “imported from Italy”, “all-natural”, “pure”, or “premium”
• Check for a seal of approval from the California Olive Oil Council, International Olive Oil Council, or North American Olive Oil Association (NAOO). These are accredited institutions that screen for fraudulent olive oil. If it lacks one, the bottle is fake.
• Look for a “Harvest Date” on the back of the bottle. If it lacks one, the bottle is fake.
• Look for sensory cues- olive oil should taste bitter and peppery and should be green. If the taste is off, the oil inside is not genuine.

Here are some trustworthy brands that have the IOC or related accreditation body seal of approval:

Bragg’s Organic Extra Virgin Olive Oil, California Olive Ranch Extra Virgin Olive Oil, Colavita Premium Selection Olive Oil, Filippo Berio Extra Virgin Olive Oil, Goya Extra Virgin Olive Oil, Whole Foods Market Extra Virgin Olive Oil

For more articles like “Why is your olive oil is doing more harm than good” please read the STA Blog and subscribe to our newsletter!

References:

1. Tsartsou E, Proutsos N, Castanas E, Kampa M. Network Meta-Analysis of Metabolic Effects of Olive-Oil in Humans Shows the Importance of Olive Oil Consumption With Moderate Polyphenol Levels as Part of the Mediterranean Diet. Front Nutr. 2019;6:6. Published 2019 Feb 12. doi:10.3389/fnut.2019.00006
2. Guasch-Ferré M, Liu G, Li Y, et al. Olive Oil Consumption and Cardiovascular Risk in U.S. Adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75(15):1729-1739. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.02.036
3. Moore JC, Spink J, Lipp M. Development and application of a database of food ingredient fraud and economically motivated adulteration from 1980 to 2010. J Food Sci. 2012;77(4):R118-R126. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02657.x
4. Jing Yan, Sara W. Erasmus, Miguel Aguilera Toro, Haixin Huang, Saskia M. van Ruth. Food fraud: Assessing fraud vulnerability in the extra virgin olive oil supply chain. Food Control. 2020; (111). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.107081.
5. https://www.herbalgram.org/media/15128/bapp-babs-oliveoil-cc20-102020-v2.pdf
6. DiNicolantonio JJ, O’Keefe JH. Importance of maintaining a low omega-6/omega-3 ratio for reducing inflammation. Open Heart. 2018;5(2):e000946. Published 2018 Nov 26. doi:10.1136/openhrt-2018-000946

The post Why your Olive Oil is doing more Harm than Good first appeared on Specialized Therapy.

The post Why your Olive Oil is doing more Harm than Good appeared first on Specialized Therapy.

BPA: a chemical that plays a role in more than just plastic, but a hormone too!

By now, we’ve all heard about BPA, right? If not, you’re in the right place! In this article, you’ll learn about the history of BPA as a toxin, why it proposes a threat to you and your family’s health, and strategies on how to reduce your exposure.

BPA is an abbreviation for bisphenol A- a chemical used to make hard plastics that are used in many things, from plastic bottles to Tupperware containers to plastic toys to the lining of food and beverage cans. It’s even in thermal paper receipts! BPA permeates our industrialized world, food supply, and modern-day lifestyle.

BPA was first synthesized by chemists 130 years ago. It wasn’t until the 1930s that scientists discovered it had estrogen activity in the body (1). Upon this discovery, BPA was intended to be used as an estrogen replacement drug until a more potent synthetic hormone was invented (1). However, BPA didn’t go anywhere… it found its new role in the future of plastics (1). BPA was first used in the epoxy lining of cans, metal piping, adhesives for flooring and sealing teeth and eventually made its way into plastics in the late 1950s.

In 1958 the FDA passed the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act in an attempt to regulate chemicals added to packaged foods. Since BPA was only thought to make its way into food and beverages through leaching of epoxy resin from the lining in cans and showed no indication of being harmful to humans, there was no regulation of BPA in our food supply until 1988.

In 1993 BPA’s estrogenic activity was brought back into the limelight. For the first time, it was proposed as a threat to human health as an endocrine disruptor, meaning it disrupts normal hormonal function, processing, and transmission in the body. Throughout the late 1990s and early 2000s plastic became a political battle with industry lobbyists trying their best to bury the evidence that BPA was, in fact, harmful to human health. By 2005 there were 115 studies on BPA exposure and 90% of them found dangerous health effects of BPA, especially in infants and children. Not surprisingly, the 10% of studies that didn’t find an effect were funded by the plastic industry (2). Major concerns were expressed regarding findings of impaired fetal prostate and mammary gland development, disruption of chromosome alignment in developing eggs, immune system impairment, as well as metabolic and neurological abnormalities (1,2).

Fast forward to 2008 and The Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction released a final report on BPA stating that “the possibility that bisphenol A may alter human development cannot be dismissed”, and that there is “some concern for the effects on the brain, behavior, and prostate gland in fetuses, infants, and children at current human exposure to BPA” (3). Following this report, six of the major baby bottle producers announced the removal of BPA from their products; and in 2012 the FDA finally banned the use of BPA in baby bottles, sippy cups, and epoxy resin in infant formula packaging (4).

However, this chemical is still present and allowed in teethers and children’s play toys. Despite the growing evidence that BPA is harmful in young children, the Toy Association still considers it safe and allows it to be in toys and game products (5).

Today, hundreds of research studies show a relationship between BPA and an increased risk for behavioral disorders like ADHD, anxiety, depression, and aggression in children (6,7).

What’s more, is that the BPA levels originally recognized as safe for human ingestion by the FDA may not be as safe as originally intended. BPA has shown to interact with and bind to thyroid hormone receptors and could play a role in autoimmune thyroid disease (8). Furthermore, BPA has shown to be an obesogenic toxin and is linked to diabetes, weight gain, heart disease, liver inflammation, cancer, and infertility. Disturbingly, a nationwide study found that 89% of individuals ages 6 years and older had detectable levels of BPA in their urine (9).

Here are some actions you can take to minimize your family’s and your own BPA exposure:

1. Only purchase baby toys, canned foods (soup, soda, sparkling water, beans, vegetable cans), and Tupperware containers that say “BPA-free” on the label.
2. Drink from a reusable stainless steel or glass water bottle instead of plastic ones (this is also better for the environment, so it’s a win-win).
3. Don’t microwave leftovers in plastic containers, BPA and other plasticizers (like phthalates) can leak into your food. Instead, transfer the contents to a glass or ceramic bowl or heat on a stovetop if possible.
4. Skip the receipt! This will do you and your cashier a favor for reducing toxic BPA (and its cousin BPS) exposure from thermal receipt paper. Simply touching receipts (also boarding passes, tickets) with your hands is enough to absorb it through the skin. Ask for an emailed or text receipt instead! If you need to handle a receipt, wash your hands with soap and water as soon as possible!

These are actions you can take to reduce your BPA exposure! If you have any questions on the impact this chemical has on you or your child’s health, click here and submit a question to our “Ask a Therapist” column and we can answer it in our next newsletter!

These are actions you can take to reduce your BPA exposure right now! If you have any questions on the impact this chemical has on you or your child’s health, click here and submit a question to our “Ask a Therapist” column and we can answer it in our next newsletter!

References:

1. Vogel SA. The politics of plastics: the making and unmaking of bisphenol a “safety”. Am J Public Health. 2009;99 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):S559-S566. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.159228
2. vom Saal FS, Hughes C. An extensive new literature concerning low-dose effects of bisphenol A shows the need for a new risk assessment. Environ Health Perspect. 2005;113(8):926-933. doi:10.1289/ehp.7713
3. Shelby MD. NTP-CERHR monograph on the potential human reproductive and developmental effects of bisphenol A. NTP CERHR MON. 2008;(22):.
4. https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/bisphenol-bpa-use-food-contact-application
5. https://www.toyassociation.org/PressRoom2/IndustryStatements/statement-on-bisphenol-a.aspx#:~:text=It%20has%20been%20specifically%20chosen,items%20has%20been%20phased%20out.
6. Li Y, Zhang H, Kuang H, et al. Relationship between bisphenol A exposure and attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: A case-control study for primary school children in Guangzhou, China. Environ Pollut. 2018;235:141-149. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.056
7. Ejaredar M, Lee Y, Roberts DJ, Sauve R, Dewey D. Bisphenol A exposure and children’s behavior: A systematic review. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2017;27(2):175-183. doi:10.1038/jes.2016.8
8. Eschler DC, Hasham A, Tomer Y. Cutting edge: the etiology of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2011;41(2):190-197. doi:10.1007/s12016-010-8245-8
9. Lakind, J.S., and D.Q. Naiman. 2008. Bisphenol A (BPA) daily intakes in the United States: estimates from the 2003-2004 NHANES urinary BPA data. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 18 (6):608-15.

The post BPA: More than just plastic, Its a hormone too! first appeared on Specialized Therapy.

The post BPA: More than just plastic, Its a hormone too! appeared first on Specialized Therapy.

Your child’s favorite breakfast cereal could contain toxic pesticides!

Did you know that oats, rice, and wheat are major but lesser-known, sources of toxic pesticides?

The USDA Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends that at least half of our dietary intake of grains be from whole grains as a part of a healthy diet¹. However, less than 5% of Americans meet the recommended dietary intake for whole grains (≥ 3 oz/day)¹. Contrarily, over 95% of Americans meet the recommended dietary intake of refined grains (≤ 3 oz/day)¹ mostly in the form of packaged and processed foods (i.e., white bread, white rice, cereal, pasta, cookies, cakes, bagels, doughnuts, crackers, chips). Refined grains are stripped of their outer bran and germ layers during manufacturing- the parts of the grain that contain the majority of its nutrients (fiber, vitamins, and minerals)- leaving behind the nutrient-depleted endosperm. This process makes refined grains far less nutritious than whole grains.

The Standard American Diet is heavily laden with processed foods made up of refined grains, sugar, salt, and fat. This combination of nutrient-poor, calorically dense ingredients may be why processed food consumption has been linked to the obesity epidemic² and an increased risk for other non-communicable diseases like diabetes, cancer, heart disease, and depression³.

Despite the USDA’s attempts to shift American plates to contain more whole grains, there is still nationwide overconsumption of refined grains. Why? Perhaps it’s due to the addicting nature of processed foods? Or that refined grains are cheaper and more accessible than whole grains? Or maybe it comes down to an education issue with less than half of low-income adults able to correctly identify whole grains from refined grains⁴.

In any case, processed food consumption keeps the demand for grains high. So high that the government pays farmers extra to grow wheat, corn, soy, rice, and oats in order to keep up with the demands of the market². As a result, monocropping, or only growing one crop at a time without rotation, has become a popular agricultural practice². Monocropping requires heavy pesticide application to kill any unwanted weeds or insects that may potentially contaminate crops, resulting in a streamlining of harvests².

Cue RoundUp, the most widely used pesticide in U.S. agriculture with 1.1 billion pounds applied annually⁵. The active component of Roundup, glyphosate, targets the shikimate pathway of weeds, insects, and fungi, the pathway responsible for their growth, abolishing them on the spot. Glyphosate is a water-soluble chemical that has made its way into our soil, food, air, and water supply. In 2015, the World Health Organization classified glyphosate as a neurotoxin, teratogen (a substance that may cause birth defects), and a “probable human carcinogen”⁶. Despite this, the EPA states glyphosate as having low toxicity for humans⁷ and U.S. regulators allow an acceptable daily intake of 1.75 mg/kg of body weight per day compared to the European Union which only allows 0.3 mg/kg of body weight per day⁸.

Glyphosate is sprayed directly on wheat and oats before harvesting to kill the crop and dry it out sooner than if the plant were to have died naturally⁹. In 2018, the Environmental Working Group tested more than a dozen brands of wheat and oat-based cereal products and found most samples exceeded the upper limit of “safe” glyphosate levels set by the EPA⁹. This is of special concern for 1- to 2-year-old children since they’re smaller and tend to consume oat and wheat-based cereal products often. The worst offenders were Quaker Old-Fashioned Oats (930 ppb), Quaker Oats Dinosaur Eggs (700 ppb), Cheerios Toasted Whole Grain Oat Cereal (497 ppb), and Lucky Charms (400 ppb)⁹.

Glyphosate has also been linked to disruption of the gut microbiome, autism, ADHD, birth defects, celiac disease, diabetes, depression, cancer, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, dementia, obesity, and leaky gut¹⁰.  This proposes the question, is it the consumption of ultra-processed foods contributing to the exponential rise in chronic, non-communicable disease? Or is it the presence of glyphosate on our grains and in our food supply that we are encouraged to eat as a part of a healthy diet?

Regardless, to limit your and your children’s exposure to glyphosate opt for organic options and skip the non-organic packaged wheat, corn, soy, and oat-based cereal and processed food products! This way you can avoid toxic pesticides.

For more information on Toxic Pesticides, please visit us at Specialized Therapy Associates or call 201-488-6678 to book an appointment.

Tune into our next newsletter for part 3 of “Raising awareness: the dangerous truth behind the toxins present in our food supply”.

References:

1. U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025. 9th Edition. December 2020. Available at DietaryGuidelines.gov.
2. Franck C, Grandi SM, Eisenberg MJ. Agricultural subsidies and the American obesity epidemic. Am J Prev Med. 2013;45(3):327-333. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2013.04.010
3. Lane MM, Davis JA, Beattie S, et al. Ultraprocessed food and chronic non-communicable diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 43 observational studies
   [published online ahead of print, 2020 Nov 9]. Obes Rev. 2020;10.1111/obr.13146. doi:10.1111/obr.13146
4. Molika Chea, Amy R Mobley, Factors Associated with Identification and Consumption of Whole-Grain Foods in a Low-Income Population, Current Developments in Nutrition, Volume 3, Issue 7, July 2019, nzz064, https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzz064
5. Atwood, Donald, and Paisley-Jones, Claire. “Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage: 2008-2012 Market Estimates.” Environmental Protection Agency, 2017. Retrieved May 29, 2019, from https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-01/documents/pesticides-industry-sales-usage-2016_0.pdf
6. https://www.who.int/foodsafety/faq/en/
7. https://www.fda.gov/food/pesticides/questions-and-answers-glyphosate#:~:text=Has%20the%20EPA%20established%20tolerances,from%200.1%20to%20310%20ppm.
8. https://oehha.ca.gov/media/dockets/8594/10069-dave_murphy_food_democracy_now/fdn_glyphosate_foodtesting_report_p2016_002a_0.pdf

9. https://www.ewg.org/childrenshealth/glyphosateincereal/#.W3Q-B9hKjEY
10. https://www.fs.usda.gov/nfs/11558/www/nepa/102900_FSPLT3_4047514.pdf

The post Toxic Pesticides in Children’s Breakfast Cereal ! first appeared on Specialized Therapy.

The post Toxic Pesticides in Children’s Breakfast Cereal ! appeared first on Specialized Therapy.

The Food and Drug Administration and World Health Organization have classified heavy metals as toxic to human health because they interfere with normal physiologic function and cause an increased risk for cancer, dementia, neurotoxicity, kidney disease, liver disease, insomnia, emotional instability, depression, and in high enough doses, death (2,3,4).

Babies and children are even more susceptible to the dangerous health consequences of toxic heavy metal exposure because they are growing and developing at a rapid rate. Even low levels of toxic heavy metal exposure are linked to irreversible brain and developmental damage (1).  Research has shown that heavy metal exposure can cause a permanently reduced IQ and an increased risk for criminal and withdrawn behavior in children (1,5).

In November 2019, government officials requested internal documents from seven of the largest baby food and infant formula manufacturers in the U.S. based on studies that found high levels of toxic heavy metals in their finished products (6,7).

The brands under investigation included:

• Nurture, Inc. (makes Happy Family Organic and HappyBABY baby food)
• Beech-Nut Nutrition Company
• Hain Celestial Group (makes Earth’s Best Organic baby food)
• Gerber
• Campbell’s Soup (which makes Plum Organics baby food)
• Walmart (Parent’s choice)
• Sprout Foods, Inc. (Sprout Organic Foods)

Only four of the seven companies in question agreed to cooperate with the investigation (Nurture, Beech-Nut, Hain, Gerber) raising concern that the non-responders may have even higher levels of toxic heavy metals than their competitors.

All responding companies had arsenic, lead, and cadmium present in their baby food. Not all companies tested for mercury, but the ones that did had exceedingly high levels. On top of that, reports showed up to 91 times the arsenic level, 177 times the lead level, 69 times the cadmium level, and 5 times the mercury level allowed under existing regulations by the FDA and EPA.

How does something like this happen? Present-day industrialized food manufacturing processes raise the risk for heavy metal contamination in our food supply (including baby food!) through mechanical processing by means of heavy machinery or leakage from packaging materials (6).

What can you do to protect your child from heavy metal exposure in their baby food? Make your own! Making your own baby food is the best way to have control over your child’s exposure to heavy metals as well as know exactly what is going into their food from start to finish. Steaming fresh, organic fruits and vegetables (ex: apples, bananas, pears, peaches, sweet potatoes, carrots, peas) will retain nutrient quality and composition better than boiling. Puree cooked fruits and veggies with a small amount of water or breast milk until smooth and serve. Don’t add sugar, syrups, or artificial flavorings as these can be harmful to your child’s growth and development as well. Instead, try using cinnamon or mix in pureed sweeter fruits like apples or pears.

If you don’t have the time to make your baby’s food research baby food brands and infant formula that test for the presence of heavy metals, like Cerebelly.

Tune into our next newsletter for part 2 of “Raising awareness: the dangerous truth behind the toxins present in our food supply”.

Click here to sign up for the newsletter if you haven’t already!

1. https://oversight.house.gov/sites/democrats.oversight.house.gov/files/2021-02-04%20ECP%20Baby%20Food%20Staff%20Report.pdf
2. https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/6577/heavy-metal-poisoning#ref_13375
3. Jan AT, Azam M, Siddiqui K, Ali A, Choi I, Haq QM. Heavy Metals and Human Health: Mechanistic Insight into Toxicity and Counter Defense System of Antioxidants. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16(12):29592-29630. Published 2015 Dec 10. doi:10.3390/ijms161226183
4. https://www.fda.gov/food/chemicals-metals-pesticides-food/metals-and-your-food
5. Pan S, Lin L, Zeng F, et al. Effects of lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury co-exposure on children’s intelligence quotient in an industrialized area of southern China. Environ Pollut. 2018;235:47-54. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.044
6. Vella C, Attard E. Consumption of Minerals, Toxic Metals and Hydroxymethylfurfural: Analysis of Infant Foods and Formulae. Toxics. 2019;7(2):33. Published 2019 Jun 8. doi:10.3390/toxics7020033
7. Gardener H, Bowen J, Callan SP. Lead and cadmium contamination in a large sample of United States infant formulas and baby foods. Sci Total Environ. 2019;651(Pt 1):822-827. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.026

The post Toxic Heavy Metals in Baby Food – What To Do! first appeared on Specialized Therapy.

The post Toxic Heavy Metals in Baby Food – What To Do! appeared first on Specialized Therapy.

This week is National Eating Disorder Awareness Week! Did you know that eating disorders are among the deadliest mental illnesses second only to opioid overdose? 10,200 deaths each year are the direct result of an eating disorder (1).

Some common myths surrounding eating disorders are:

1. “People who have eating disorders must be underweight”. Eating disorders look different for everybody and present themselves in many different ways. Less than 6% of people with eating disorders are actually diagnosed as being underweight (2). Just because someone doesn’t look physically sick, doesn’t mean they aren’t suffering.
2. “Only women can have eating disorders”. Men can have eating disorders, too, and the number of cases has increased in recent years. From 1999 to 2009 the number of men hospitalized for eating disorder-related causes increased by 53% (4). Males account for 25% of individuals with anorexia or bulimia eating disorders. Gay men represent almost half of men with eating disorders and are more likely to fast, vomit, or take laxatives or diet pills to control their weight (5).
3. “Eating disorders are a choice”. Eating disorders are serious mental illnesses, not lifestyle choices.

Click here to fill out our Eating Disorder Self-Assessment checklist.

If you feel like you or someone you know is suffering from an eating disorder, we are here to help! Our staff offers a unique holistic and integrative approach to eating disorder treatment using psychological therapy and a functional medicine approach to regain health.

Call 201-448-6678 to make an appointment or click here to enter your information and learn more about how our team can help!

By Taylor Groff, MS Functional Nutritionist

References:

1. Deloitte Access Economics. The Social and Economic Cost of Eating Disorders in the United States of America: A Report for the Strategic Training Initiative for the Prevention of Eating Disorders and the Academy for Eating Disorders.June 2020. Available at: https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/striped/report-economic-costs-of-eating-disorders/.
2. Arcelus, Jon et al. “Mortality rates in patients with anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders. A meta-analysis of 36 studies.” Archives of general psychiatry68,7 (2011): 724-31. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.74
3. Zhao, Y., Encinosa, W. Update on Hospitalizations for Eating Disorders, 1999 to 2009. HCUP Statistical Brief #120. September 2011. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. http://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/reports/statbriefs/sb120.pdf
4. Hudson, J., Hiripi, E., Pope, H., & Kessler, R. (2007) “The prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication.” Biological Psychiatry, 61, 348–358.
5. Eating Disorders in LGBTQ+ Populations. (2018, February 21). Retrieved February 22, 2021, from https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/learn/general-information/lgbtq

The post National Eating Disorder Awareness Week! first appeared on Specialized Therapy.

The post National Eating Disorder Awareness Week! appeared first on Specialized Therapy.

Nourish Your Heart this Valentine’s Day with guidance from our team at Specialized Therapy Associates using our  Heart Healthy Eating Plan

With Valentine’s day right around the corner, it’s a perfect time to talk about nourishing your heart! What better way to nourish your heart than following a heart-healthy Mediterranean-style eating plan? Now, I know what you’re thinking… a Mediterranean diet? That’s old news! We’ve heard time and time again on the news, from our doctors, magazines, and media outlets that a Mediterranean diet has extraordinary health benefits. However, in a world flooded with diet culture propaganda, the Mediterranean diet has seemingly withstood the test of time and experts agree that the research on its cardiovascular benefits and disease prevention is indisputable!

Has anyone ever broken down the reasoning behind why the Mediterranean diet is best for long-term health? What exactly it consists of? Who exactly it benefits? How it lowers your risk of chronic disease? When in life you should follow it? And where you can find quality ingredients and easy recipes to make following it easier? Well, you’re in the right place for some evidence-based, research-backed answers! Read on to learn more about how a heart-healthy Mediterranean-style eating plan could benefit you and your loved ones this Valentine’s season, and always.

Why the Mediterranean diet? Research shows that following a Mediterranean-style eating plan significantly reduces your risk for heart disease¹, diabetes, cancer-related death, cardiovascular disease-related deaths, and death from any cause^1,2. A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, one of the most widely circulated medical journals in the world, found that eating more foods consistent with a Mediterranean-style was associated with a 28% reduced risk in cardiovascular events like heart attack and stroke³. The outcome was associated with less inflammation, better blood sugar levels, lower insulin resistance, and lower BMI^3,4.

What does it consist of? The Mediterranean diet includes healthy fats in the form of monounsaturated fats from olive oil, olives, nuts, seeds, avocados, and polyunsaturated omega-3 fats from fatty fish like salmon, sardines, herring, mackerel, and shellfish. The Mediterranean diet is rich in disease-fighting phytonutrients, or “plant nutrients”, and antioxidants from a diverse variety of fruits and vegetables, legumes, and whole grains.  It contains a moderate intake of dairy, chicken, cheese, and red wine, as well as very little intake of red meat and sweets, and little to no saturated fat, trans fat, and processed foods.

Who does the Mediterranean diet benefit? Although the Mediterranean diet is most well-known for its impact on disease prevention, it can benefit anybody regardless of age, race, sex, or gender.

Following a Mediterranean-style eating plan has also been shown to promote healthy aging. It has a beneficial effect on brain health and overall cognition⁶ by lowering the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia⁷. In a Nurses’ Health Study, adherence to a Mediterranean diet resulted in a 46% higher chance of healthy aging, which was defined as being free from cancer, heart attack, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, stroke, diabetes, kidney disease, Parkinson’s, MS, and more⁸.

How does the Mediterranean diet lower your risk for chronic disease? One of the many ways a Mediterranean diet promotes longevity is by preserving telomere length⁹, the portion of our chromosomes that preserve DNA from damage when exposed to negative factors such as chronic inflammation, environmental toxins, or psychological stress.

Another way the Mediterranean diet protects against disease is through its emphasis on healthy fat intake. A study found that people at high risk for heart disease who went on a Mediterranean diet with ≥ 4 tbsp of extra virgin olive oil or nuts had a 30% lower risk for stroke after 5-years compared to those who followed a low-fat diet. This is because consuming olive oil and nuts is associated with improved HDL-C function, commonly referred to as the “good cholesterol” because it carries cholesterol away from arteries and back to the liver for excretion or re-use¹⁰. This lowers the risk of arterial blockage and promotes healthy blood flow, resulting in a reduced risk for heart attack and stroke.

Where can you find quality ingredients? The Mediterranean diet emphasizes eating a variety of plant foods to diversify your phytonutrient intake which gives your body a wide selection of disease-fighting nutrients! When optimizing the diversity of your plant food intake, it is best to consider purchasing whatever produce is in season. This way, you are sticking to the way our ancestors ate- whatever they could grow, which was dependent on the season.

For example, the wintertime is great for eating winter squash like acorn, butternut, pumpkin, delicata, kabocha, and spaghetti squash. Spring is a great time for asparagus, swiss chard, collard greens, apricots, mushrooms, onions, and artichokes. Summer is best for berries, corn, eggplant, watermelon, and peppers and Fall is best for apples, kale, carrots, celery, yams, pears, kale, and ginger. All of these foods are great ways to nourish your heart.

A great way to do this is to purchase from local farmers, farmer’s markets, or join your local Community Supported Agriculture program.

Finally, check out the Specialized Therapy Associates & FX Med Center Pinterest board for some healthy and delicious Mediterranean-inspired recipes!

If you wish to Nourish Your Heart further by improving your physical and mental health please call 201-488-6678 today to speak with our intake staff. Together we can nourish your heart, mind, and soul so you can live your best life!

References:

1. Fung TT, Rexrode KM, Mantzoros CS, Manson JE, Willett WC, Hu FB. Mediterranean diet and incidence of and mortality from coronary heart disease and stroke in women. Circulation. 2009 Mar 3;119(8):1093-100. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.816736. Epub 2009 Feb 16. Erratum in: Circulation. 2009 Mar 31;119(12):e379. PMID: 19221219; PMCID: PMC2724471.
2. Lopez-Garcia E, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Li TY, Fung TT, Li S, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Hu FB. The Mediterranean-style dietary plan and mortality among men and women with cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Jan;99(1):172-80. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.068106. Epub 2013 Oct 30. PMID: 24172306; PMCID: PMC3862454.
3. Ahmad S, Moorthy MV, Demler OV, et al. Assessment of Risk Factors and Biomarkers Associated With Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Among Women Consuming a Mediterranean Diet. JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(8):e185708. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.5708
4. Shai I, Schwarzfuchs D, Henkin Y, Shahar DR, Witkow S, Greenberg I, Golan R, et al. Dietary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial (DIRECT) Group. Weight loss with a low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean, or low-fat diet. N Engl J Med. 2008 Jul 17;359(3):229-41. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0708681. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2009 Dec 31;361(27):2681. PMID: 18635428.
5. De Lorgeril M, Salen P, Martin JL, Monjaud I, Delaye J, Mamelle N. Mediterranean diet, traditional risk factors, and the rate of cardiovascular complications after myocardial infarction: final report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study. Circulation. 1999 Feb 16;99(6):779-85. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.99.6.779. PMID: 9989963.
6. Loughrey DG, Lavecchia S, Brennan S, Lawlor BA, Kelly ME. The Impact of the Mediterranean Diet on the Cognitive Functioning of Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr. 2017 Jul 14;8(4):571-586. doi: 10.3945/an.117.015495. PMID: 28710144; PMCID: PMC5502874.
7. Aridi YS, Walker JL, Wright ORL. The Association between the Mediterranean Dietary Plan and Cognitive Health: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2017 Jun 28;9(7):674. doi: 10.3390/nu9070674. PMID: 28657600; PMCID: PMC5537789.
8. Samieri C, Sun Q, Townsend MK, Chiuve SE, Okereke OI, Willett WC, Stampfer M, Grodstein F. The association between dietary plans at midlife and health in aging: an observational study. Ann Intern Med. 2013 Nov 5;159(9):584-91. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-159-9-201311050-00004. PMID: 24189593; PMCID: PMC4193807.
9. Crous-Bou M, Fung TT, Prescott J, Julin B, Du M, Sun Q, Rexrode KM, Hu FB, De Vivo I. Mediterranean diet and telomere length in Nurses’ Health Study: population-based cohort study. BMJ. 2014 Dec 2;349:g6674. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g6674. PMID: 25467028; PMCID: PMC4252824.
10. Hernáez Á, Castañer O, Elosua R, et al. Mediterranean Diet Improves High-Density Lipoprotein Function in High-Cardiovascular-Risk Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Circulation. 2017;135(7):633-643. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023712

The post Nourish Your Heart this Valentine’s Day first appeared on Specialized Therapy.

The post Nourish Your Heart this Valentine’s Day appeared first on Specialized Therapy.

Eat your Broccoli!: Learn why this much-maligned food is more than it seems!

Do you remember being told to “eat your broccoli” as a child? It’s no secret that most children want to run in the opposite direction at the mere sight of broccoli because of its “stinky” smell, bright green appearance, and bitter taste. Broccoli has gotten a bad reputation over the years, but based on current research, it seems like it’s time for broccoli to make a comeback! And here’s why…

Broccoli is a cruciferous vegetable, otherwise known as Brassica vegetable. Other Brassica vegetables include cauliflower, mustard greens, turnips, Brussels sprouts, collard greens, kale, and cabbage. Brassica vegetables contain a compound called sulforaphane. Sulforaphane is a plant chemical with powerful health benefits that range from decreased risk of death from any cause to improving cognitive function in patients with thought and behavior disorders. Sulforaphane’s main mechanism of action is by increasing glutathione production, otherwise known as the “mother of all antioxidants”. Thus, sulforaphane has extraordinary antioxidant potential in the body!

Sulforaphane is found in Brassica vegetables that contain high levels of glucoraphanin. What is glucoraphanin you may ask? Glucoraphanin is a plant molecule naturally present in Brassica vegetables that is responsible for their pungent smell. Glucoraphanin is important because it is the building block for sulforaphane production and is associated with decreased risk for thought disorders like schizophrenia¹, cancer², cardiovascular disease³, autism⁴, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s disease⁵. Sulforaphane has also shown to be beneficial in reducing symptoms and severity of chronic skin conditions, like eczema⁶.

How does sulforaphane lower the risk for chronic disease? Great question! Sulforaphane works by targeting and binding to DNA sequences that are responsible for inflammation and reducing their expression^2,3,6. In addition to reducing inflammation, sulforaphane increases the production of powerful antioxidants like glutathione². Glutathione then acts like a magnet, grabbing toxins and free radicals from the body and delivering them to the colon to be excreted in the feces and prevent them from damaging tissue.

Research shows that one of the underlying causes of schizophrenia may be high levels of oxidative stress. In a pilot study, supplementation with sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprout extract improved cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia⁷. Furthermore, there’s evidence that shows that people with neuropsychiatric disorders have low levels of circulating glutathione, thus suggesting a potential role for sulforaphane in psychological symptom improvement.

Of all the Brassica vegetables, broccoli sprouts have the highest levels of glucoraphanin which means they have the highest potential to produce sulforaphane. In decreasing order, Brussels sprouts, mustard greens, turnips, kale, watercress, kohlrabi, red cabbage, broccoli, horseradish, cauliflower, and bok choy, also have the potential to produce sulforaphane⁸.

How do you optimize sulforaphane production to get the most antioxidant potential from Brassica vegetables? This is where glucoraphanin comes into play! Sulforaphane is produced by a chemical reaction between glucoraphanin and myrosinase, an enzyme that is only activated only when you chop or chew the vegetable.  Unfortunately, boiling, blanching, roasting, or steaming Brassica vegetables destroys myrosinase activity which wrecks its sulforaphane potential. Luckily, researchers have discovered a way around this.  Raw ground mustard seeds contain myrosinase, so adding them to your favorite cooked crucifers is enough to offset the antioxidant potential lost during cooking and increases sulforaphane production by almost fourfold in humans⁹!

Eat your broccoli and your other vegetables. If you would like more guidance on how to get the most out of the foods you eat and capitalize the power of broccoli, please contact Specialized Therapy Associates at (201)-488-6678 to make an appointment with one of our functional nutritionists. You can also visit us online at Specialized Therapy. Together, we can achieve your ultimate mind-body balance.

By Taylor Groff, MS Functional Nutritionist

References:

1. Shiina A, Kanahara N, Sasaki T, et al. An Open Study of Sulforaphane-rich Broccoli Sprout Extract in Patients with Schizophrenia. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 2015;13(1):62-67. doi:10.9758/cpn.2015.13.1.62
2. Houghton CA. Sulforaphane: Its “Coming of Age” as a Clinically Relevant Nutraceutical in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Disease. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019;2019:2716870. Published 2019 Oct 14. doi:10.1155/2019/2716870
3. Bai Y, Wang X, Zhao S, Ma C, Cui J, Zheng Y. Sulforaphane Protects against Cardiovascular Disease via Nrf2 Activation. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2015;2015:407580. doi:10.1155/2015/407580
4. Klomparens EA, Ding Y. The neuroprotective mechanisms and effects of sulforaphane. Brain Circ. 2019;5(2):74-83. doi:10.4103/bc.bc_7_19
5. Sun Y, Yang T, Mao L, Zhang F. Sulforaphane Protects against Brain Diseases: Roles of Cytoprotective Enzymes. Austin J Cerebrovasc Dis Stroke. 2017;4(1):1054. doi:10.26420/austinjcerebrovascdisstroke.2017.1054
6. Wu W, Peng G, Yang F, Zhang Y, Mu Z, Han X. Sulforaphane has a therapeutic effect in an atopic dermatitis murine model and activates the Nrf2/HO 1 axis. Mol Med Rep. 2019;20(2):1761-1771. doi:10.3892/mmr.2019.10405
7. Shiina A, Kanahara N, Sasaki T, et al. An Open Study of Sulforaphane-rich Broccoli Sprout Extract in Patients with Schizophrenia. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 2015;13(1):62-67. doi:10.9758/cpn.2015.13.1.62
8. McNaughton, S., & Marks, G. (2003). Development of a food composition database for the estimation of dietary intakes of glucosinolates, the biologically active constituents of cruciferous vegetables. British Journal of Nutrition, 90(3), 687-697. doi:10.1079/BJN2003917
9. Okunade O, Niranjan K, Ghawi SK, Kuhnle G, Methven L. Supplementation of the Diet by Exogenous Myrosinase via Mustard Seeds to Increase the Bioavailability of Sulforaphane in Healthy Human Subjects after the Consumption of Cooked Broccoli. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2018;62(18):e1700980. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201700980

The post Eat your Broccoli ! : Why this Adage Holds True! first appeared on Specialized Therapy.

The post Eat your Broccoli ! : Why this Adage Holds True! appeared first on Specialized Therapy.